ABSTRACT
Carbon and Sulfur dioxides emissions are the key issues of global warming that affects on human health. Emissions cap- and -trade policy is a key mechanism implemented in several countries to reduce the emissions. Nowadays, public gathering is restricted due to the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19. As a result, people are facing huge problems in their regular activities and lifestyle. During the lockdown periods, demands for few merchandises decrease and the deterioration rate increases. Moreover, because of the unavailability of raw materials and labours during the lockdown, shortages occur at the manufacturing company. Keeping these problems in mind, a multi-objective sustainable economic production quantity model is proposed with partially back-ordering shortages, in which the effects of sustainability are investigated. To handle the demand fluctuation throughout the current pandemic, emergency level dependent demand rate is assumed. To reduce greenhouse gases emissions and deterioration rate, investments in green technology and preservation technology efforts are used. The objectives of this study are to maximize the manufacturera s profit and minimize the greenhouse gases emissions for producing green products. The multi-objective model is solved by utilizing the fuzzy goal programming approach. The mathematical model is illustrated by four numerical examples. The main finding of the work is that under both green and preservation technologies investments, a sustainable model with partially back-ordering shortages and lockdown level dependent demand rate decreases justifiable greenhouse gases emissions and increases the producta s greening level. The results indicate that the system profit is increased by 16.1% by investing in both preservation and green technology. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is performed along with some managerial insights for practitioners. Finally, the paper is ended with conclusions and future research tips. ©
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 vaccine has been made available for emergency use in Bangladesh. However, willingness to receive the vaccine may be affected by varying factors across the country. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors that influence willingness to receive the vaccine among Bangladeshi adults. A population-based cross-sectional online survey was conducted among a sample of 1,725 Bangladesh adults (age 18 years and older). The statistical analysis included univariate, bivariate and multivariate regression model. Findings show that 85% (n = 1463) of respondents were willing to receive the vaccine. Respondents with 1–2 children (aOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.00–3.13, P =. 048), perceived risk of being infected (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.03–2.14, P =. 03), perceived impact on daily life (aOR: 2.53, 95%CI: 1.45–4.44, P =. 001), history of co-morbidities (aOR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.37–3.04, P <. 01), price of the vaccine (aOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 2.34–5.47), physician’s recommendation to receive vaccine (aOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.38–3.06, P <. 01), vaccines supplied by government (aOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.64–3.25, P <. 01) were found to be motivating factors for willingness to receive the vaccine. Findings indicate that willingness to receive the vaccine is likely to be affected by socio-demographic, and health system factors. This should be carefully considered in the rollout of the vaccination plans in Bangladesh. © 2021 SAGE Publications.
ABSTRACT
Hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial, is being used worldwide for prophylaxis and treatment of Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Though the drug is commonly used in many chronic inflammatory diseases for protracted periods, its safety in the new indication is still under scrutiny. Therefore, this institute based study sought to assess the acute adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine among in-house health care professionals who were taking the drug for COVID-19 prophylaxis. A questionnaire seeking information on the use of the drug was prepared and disseminated electronically to the target population. The responses were also received electronically and analysed. The participants (n=54) had taken prophylaxis for 1-7 weeks. The most common adverse effects in the cohort were nausea (02) and skin rash (02). The total number of adverse effects reported by the participants was 08. One incidence each of gastric upset (01), dizziness (01), pain abdomen (01), and chest tightness (01) was reported. None of the adverse effects were serious. Our study indicates that the prophylactic weekly single dose of hydroxychloroquine is not associated with any serious adverse effects within 1-7 weeks of initiation. Elucidation of the long term and chronic adverse effects, if any, requires further studies.
ABSTRACT
Hydroxychloroquine, an antimalarial, is being used worldwide for prophylaxis and treatment of Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Though the drug is commonly used in many chronic inflammatory diseases for protracted periods, its safety in the new indication is still under scrutiny. Therefore, this institute based study sought to assess the acute adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine among in-house health care professionals who were taking the drug for COVID-19 prophylaxis. A questionnaire seeking information on the use of the drug was prepared and disseminated electronically to the target population. The responses were also received electronically and analysed. The participants (n=54) had taken prophylaxis for 1-7 weeks. The most common adverse effects in the cohort were nausea (02) and skin rash (02). The total number of adverse effects reported by the participants was 08. One incidence each of gastric upset (01), dizziness (01), pain abdomen (01), and chest tightness (01) was reported. None of the adverse effects were serious. Our study indicates that the prophylactic weekly single dose of hydroxychloroquine is not associated with any serious adverse effects within 1-7 weeks of initiation. Elucidation of the long term and chronic adverse effects, if any, requires further studies.